Heart Failure
Heart failure does not mean the heart has stopped, it means the heart muscle has weakened or stiffened to the point where it can no longer pump blood efficiently. Blood and fluid back up, and the body’s organs receive less oxygen than they need. It is a common condition across Asia, particularly in countries such as Japan, South Korea, and India, where ageing populations and high rates of hypertension make it a leading cause of hospitalisation.
Medicines used to treat Heart Failure
Digoxin Tablets
0.25mg
Designed to support heart rhythm regulation, indicated to manage chronic heart failure.
Apresoline
25mg
Formulated to relieve hypertension to manage high blood pressure effectively.
What heart failure feels like
Breathlessness is the most recognisable sign, especially when lying flat or climbing stairs. Swelling in the ankles and legs, persistent fatigue, and a rapid or irregular heartbeat are also typical. Some people notice a persistent cough, reduced appetite, or difficulty concentrating. Symptoms often worsen gradually, so many people adapt to them without realising how much their capacity has declined.
If breathlessness comes on suddenly at rest, or you cough up pink foamy fluid, seek urgent medical attention.
How it is managed
Heart failure is treated with medicines that reduce the heart’s workload, prevent further damage, and ease fluid build-up. ACE inhibitors are a cornerstone of treatment: lisinopril, ramipril, enalapril, and perindopril all help widen blood vessels and lower the pressure the heart pumps against. Aldosterone blockers such as spironolactone and eplerenone reduce fluid retention and offer additional heart-protective effects. These medicines are often used together and require regular monitoring to stay effective. More options are listed in our heart and blood pressure category.
Living with heart failure
Alongside medicine, daily habits matter considerably. Limiting salt reduces fluid retention, and tracking weight each morning can reveal early signs of a flare before symptoms worsen. Staying active within comfortable limits, short walks, gentle movement, helps maintain heart function. Smoking, heavy alcohol, and untreated sleep apnoea all accelerate decline and are worth addressing directly.