Venous Thromboembolism
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is an umbrella term for two related conditions: deep-vein thrombosis (DVT), where a clot forms in a deep vein, usually in the leg, and pulmonary embolism (PE), where part of that clot breaks off and blocks a blood vessel in the lungs. Long-haul flights across Asia, prolonged bed rest after surgery, and certain inherited clotting tendencies all raise the risk.
Medicines used to treat Venous Thromboembolism
Recognising and managing VTE
DVT typically causes swelling, warmth, and aching pain in one leg. PE is more urgent: sudden breathlessness, chest pain, or coughing up blood require emergency care immediately, do not wait. These are red-flag symptoms that warrant calling an ambulance or going straight to hospital.
Once diagnosed, treatment centres on anticoagulants to stop the clot growing and to reduce the risk of a new one. Oral anticoagulants have largely replaced older options in routine care. Apixaban and dabigatran are direct-acting agents that work without the dietary restrictions associated with warfarin. Both belong to the broader heart and blood pressure treatment group. Treatment duration depends on whether the clot had a clear trigger (such as surgery) or arose without an obvious cause, with the latter often requiring longer-term anticoagulation.