Infertility
Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after 12 months of regular unprotected intercourse, or 6 months for women over 35. It affects roughly one in six couples globally, and later marriages and shifting reproductive patterns have made it an increasingly common concern.
Key points
- Hormonal problems, among them polycystic ovary syndrome and thyroid dysfunction, can interfere with ovulation and prevent proper implantation of a fertilised egg.
- When ovulation is not followed by enough progesterone, the womb lining may fail to support a pregnancy, correctable with hormone supplements.
- Investigation typically covers both partners, using hormone blood work, imaging of the ovaries and a sperm test to identify the cause.
Hormonal causes and progesterone’s role
Many cases of female infertility involve disrupted hormone signalling. Conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), thyroid dysfunction, and luteal phase deficiency can prevent ovulation or stop a fertilised egg from implanting properly. Luteal phase deficiency, in particular, means the body does not produce enough progesterone after ovulation to prepare and sustain the uterine lining. Supplementing with a progestogen such as dydrogesterone is a common approach in assisted conception cycles and in supporting early pregnancy when progesterone levels are insufficient. It sits within the broader women’s health treatment area.
When to seek further assessment
See a doctor if you have been trying to conceive for 12 months without success, or sooner if you have irregular periods, a history of pelvic infections, endometriosis, or previous miscarriages. Early investigation for both partners usually includes blood hormone tests, an ultrasound, and a semen analysis, allowing a treatment plan to be tailored to the specific cause.