Pre-exposure Prophylaxis

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a daily antiretroviral regimen taken by HIV-negative people who are at substantial risk of acquiring HIV. When taken consistently, PrEP reduces the risk of sexually transmitted HIV by around 99%.

Medicine used to treat Pre-exposure Prophylaxis

How PrEP works

The standard regimen combines two antiretrovirals, tenofovir and emtricitabine, taken together as a single daily tablet. Both drugs block the reverse transcriptase enzyme that HIV uses to replicate inside human cells. Because the drugs are already present in tissues when exposure happens, the virus cannot establish infection.

PrEP is part of a broader approach to HIV management and is typically used alongside regular HIV testing (every three months), screening for other sexually transmitted infections, and condom use.

Who benefits from PrEP

PrEP is indicated for HIV-negative adults in higher-risk groups, including men who have sex with men, serodiscordant couples (where one partner is HIV-positive), and people who inject drugs. Across Asia, uptake has grown significantly in cities such as Bangkok, Singapore, and Hong Kong, where sexual health clinics have made PrEP programmes more accessible. Starting PrEP requires a confirmed negative HIV test; ongoing negative results are needed to continue.