Understanding Severe Asthma with an Eosinophilic Phenotype

This form of asthma involves high levels of eosinophils, contributing to inflammation and severe symptoms.
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Asthma | Immunology | Biologic Therapies | Eosinophils | Biologic Treatment | Severe Asthma
Prepared by Lee Cheng, reviewed by Dr. Helena Rodriguez

Severe Asthma With An Eosinophilic Phenotype FAQ

What is the eosinophilic phenotype of asthma?

This eosinophilic phenotype of asthma accounts for approximately 5% of all asthma cases, but occurs in 30% to 50% of all patients with severe asthma 23,25. Eosinophils are a sub-type of white blood cells that migrate to defend against infections, mediate allergic response and contribute to tissue inflammation 25–27.

How common is eosinophilic asthma?

Studies suggest fewer than 1 in 100 people with asthma have the severe eosinophilic type with symptoms that aren't controlled with standard treatment. It's unusual in that it tends to have its onset in adulthood rather than in childhood and is often resistant to many of the usual treatment options.

What causes eosinophilic asthma?

We do know it is caused by high levels of eosinophils. Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell that helps fight infections. Too many of them can lead to inflammation around the body. 3 In eosinophilic asthma, eosinophil levels are too high in the blood, lungs, and mucus. High eosinophil levels cause the airways to swell and become narrow.

What is eosinophilic airway inflammation?

Eosinophilic airway inflammation is one of the most influential traits in asthma, and accounts for approximately 40–60% of patients with severe asthma [ 46 ]. The analysis of eosinophils in induced sputum is a common technique to characterize T2 asthma.

What is severe eosinophilic asthma phenotype?

Phenotyping of severe asthma has been introduced with the definition of a severe eosinophilic asthma phenotype characterized by recurrent exacerbations despite being on high dose ICS and sometimes oral corticosteroids, with a high blood eosinophil count and a raised level of nitric oxide in exhaled breath.

How is eosinophilic asthma identified in primary care?

Eosinophilic asthma is identified in primary care by having eosinophils ≥150–300 cells/μL on a complete blood count with differential. Conclusions: A new class of agents is available for patients with moderate to severe eosinophilic asthma.

Severe Asthma With An Eosinophilic Phenotype References

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